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那时小贴士为我们增添《关键字》，

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Dear ,

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Today, the editor brings you the "Keywords"，

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钱媛

亲爱的听众我们好，那时小贴士将从观念填空、自修文本、科学知识补足四个股为我们增添关键字的如是说，快来追随小贴士一同自学吧！

Hello dear readers, today I will bring you the introduction "Keywords" from the three sections of mind map, intensive reading content and knowledge supplement, come and follow me!

节录

1

观念填空

2

自修文本

中央政府财政补贴是指中央政府以项目资本金向民营企业、对个人或某一金融行业提供更多的资本金全力支持或补偿金，意在达至一定的经济政策最终目标。中央政府财政补贴能是间接的勋绩，也能是免收税赋、提供更多折扣银行贷款、财政补贴本息等方式。

Government subsidies refer to financial support or compensation provided by the government to enterprises, individuals or specific industries with fiscal funds, aiming to achieve certain policy goals. Government subsidies can be in the form of direct financial allocations, tax exemptions, preferential loans, interest subsidies, etc.

ICT（重要信息和通讯控制技术）物流配送是指牵涉重要信息和通讯控制技术商品（如硬体、应用软件、计算机系统等）的制造、商品生产和服务项目操作过程中的全操作过程和参加者。ICT物流配送包括了从原料制造到最后商品交货，以及有关的售后等一连串各个环节。

The ICT (information and communication technology) supply chain refers to all links and participants in the production, circulation and service process of information and communication technology products (such as hardware, software, network equipment, etc.). The ICT supply chain includes a series of links from raw material production to final product delivery, as well as related after-sales services.

基层单位商品节能减排量财政补贴是一种中央政府或其它政府机构为引导增加气溶胶液体排放量而采行的中国经济鞭策举措。该举措意在向制造或采用低碳商品的民营企业或对个人提供更多中国经济奖赏，以使得他们采行节能减排举措，增加基层单位商品的碳排放量量。

Subsidy for emission reduction per unit product is an economic incentive measure taken by the government or other institutions to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This measure aims to provide financial incentives to companies or individuals that produce or use low-carbon products to encourage them to take emission reduction measures and reduce the carbon emissions per unit product.

节能减排研发财政补贴是中央政府为引导和全力支持民营企业、政府机构或对个人从事增加气溶胶液体排放量有关控制技术和创新研究而提供更多的资本金全力支持或鞭策举措。该财政补贴意在推动控制技术创新、增加气溶胶液体排放量、促进低碳中国经济转型。

Emission reduction R&D subsidies are financial support or incentives provided by the government to encourage and support enterprises, institutions or individuals to engage in technological and innovative research related to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The subsidy aims to promote technological innovation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote the transformation of a low-carbon economy.

自主节能减排是指民营企业或组织自行采行各种节能减排举措，通过改进制造操作过程、控制技术创新、资源利用优化等方式，增加自身的碳排放量量。自主节能减排强调民营企业或组织的主动性和自愿性，他们自身承担节能减排成本和风险，通过节能减排行为实现民营企业自身利益和可持续发展最终目标。

Independent emission reduction means that enterprises or organizations take various emission reduction measures on their own to reduce their own carbon emissions by improving production processes, technological innovation, and optimizing resource utilization. Independent emission reduction emphasizes the initiative and voluntariness of enterprises or organizations. They bear the costs and risks of emission reduction themselves and achieve their own interests and sustainable development goals through emission reduction behaviors.

外包节能减排是指民营企业将节能减排任务或项目外包给第三方专业民营企业，让其负责实施节能减排活动以达至增加碳排放量的目的。这些第三方民营企业通常是专业的环保公司、碳咨询政府机构、碳金融政府机构等，拥有丰富的节能减排经验和专业的控制技术团队，能够为民营企业提供更多多种节能减排服务项目。

Outsourcing emission reduction means that enterprises outsource emission reduction tasks or projects to third-party professional enterprises, allowing them to implement emission reduction activities to achieve the purpose of reducing carbon emissions. These third-party companies are usually professional environmental protection companies, carbon consulting agencies, carbon financial institutions, etc. They have rich emission reduction experience and professional technical teams and can provide enterprises with a variety of emission reduction services.

3

科学知识补足

中央政府财政补贴的一些常见方式和作用：

间接财政补贴：中央政府向民营企业或对个人间接提供更多一定数额的资本金全力支持，用于制造、研发、创新等方面。这能帮助提高民营企业的制造效率、推动控制技术创新和产业发展。

税赋折扣：中央政府通过免收民营企业或对个人的税赋负担，增加其制造成本或提高对个人可支配收入。这有助于引导投资、创业和消费，促进中国经济增长和就业。

财政补贴本息：中央政府提供更多给民营企业或对个人的银行贷款或债券融资提供更多一定程度的本息财政补贴，增加其融资成本。这有助于民营企业扩大制造规模、开展新项目或对个人购房、创业等。

研发资本金全力支持：中央政府向科研政府机构或民营企业提供更多资本金全力支持，用于科学研究和控制技术创新。这有助于提高国家的科技水平和竞争力，推动产业升级和结构调整。

产业扶持：中央政府针对某一金融行业或地区提供更多资本金财政补贴或折扣经济政策，以促进其发展和壮大。这有助于优化产业结构、促进区域均衡发展和提升中国经济竞争力。

Some common forms and functions of government subsidies:

Direct subsidy: The government directly provides a certain amount of financial support to enterprises or individuals for production, research and development, innovation, etc. This can help improve the production efficiency of enterprises and promote technological innovation and industrial development.

Tax incentives: The government reduces the tax burden on enterprises or individuals to reduce their production costs or increase personal disposable income. This helps encourage investment, entrepreneurship and consumption, and promotes economic growth and employment.

Subsidized interest: Loans or bond financing provided by the government to enterprises or individuals provide a certain degree of interest subsidies to reduce their financing costs. This helps companies expand production scale, launch new projects, or individuals purchase houses, start businesses, etc.

R&D financial support: The government provides financial support to scientific research institutions or enterprises for scientific research and technological innovation. This will help improve the countrys scientific and technological level and competitiveness, and promote industrial upgrading and structural adjustment.

Industrial support: The government provides financial subsidies or preferential policies for specific industries or regions to promote their development and growth. This will help optimize the industrial structure, promote balanced regional development and enhance economic competitiveness.

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参考资料：Deepl翻译

参考文献：百度，谷歌